How should cargo or luggage be distributed on a motorcycle to maintain stability?

1. Placed as high and as far back behind the rear axle as possible
2. Kept low, centered close to the motorcycle's center of gravity, balanced symmetrically in side panniers, and securely strapped to prevent shifting
3. Held in the rider's left hand while steering with the right
4. Tied loosely with long ropes that dangle near the rear wheel