A truck arrives with HMA that has cooled well below the job-mix placement range. What is the most likely field result if that load is placed anyway?

1. The mat will be easier to compact because the binder is stiffer
2. The crew will not be able to reach specified density, and the surface may tear or remain open
3. The mix will hydrate and gain strength overnight like concrete
4. Air voids will automatically fall to zero without rolling