When dealing with an agitated or potentially violent individual, a security guard should prioritize de-escalation techniques. Which of the following is an effective de-escalation strategy?

1. Maintain a calm and respectful demeanor, use active listening, and offer choices where possible.
2. Engage in a debate to explain why their behavior is unreasonable and unlawful.
3. Call for immediate backup and physically restrain the individual to prevent escalation.
4. Assert dominance by standing over the individual and using a firm, commanding tone.