Passage: "De-escalation refers to techniques used to reduce the intensity of a tense encounter. These can include speaking calmly, keeping a safe distance, listening actively, and giving a person time and space to comply. The goal is to resolve situations with the least force necessary." According to the passage, the goal of de-escalation is to:

1. Resolve situations with the least force necessary
2. Avoid making any arrests
3. End encounters as quickly as possible
4. Remove the need for backup officers