What is the primary biological hazard associated with inhaling or ingesting alpha-emitting radioactive particles (e.g. Plutonium-239 or Americium-241)?

1. Severe internal radiation dose directly to lung or bone tissue, causing severe long-term cellular and DNA damage
2. Alpha particles pass straight through the body without hitting any cells
3. Alpha particles cause instantaneous freezing of blood
4. Alpha particles convert tissue into carbonated water