According to the Johns Hopkins University Study of 1955, which area is NOT considered a major performance area for new drivers?

Answer: C — Fundamental—basic skills of driving

The fundamental area focusing on basic skills of driving encompasses essential techniques such as steering, braking, and accelerating, which are crucial for operating a vehicle. According to the Johns Hopkins University Study of 1955, the primary performance areas deemed critical for new drivers relate more closely to operational, guidance, and navigational aspects. Operational performance involves the control of the vehicle, ensuring drivers can handle the mechanics of driving safely and effectively. Guidance emphasizes the ability to maneuver the vehicle in different driving scenarios, which encompasses making turns, lane changes, and complying with road conditions. Navigational skills focus on the driver's ability to plan routes, navigate through traffic, and understand road signs, all of which are vital for safe driving. In contrast, the fundamental skills, while necessary for driving, are not categorized as a major performance area in this particular study. Therefore, understanding operational, guidance, and navigational skills provides a more comprehensive view of what is essential for new drivers, while basic driving skills serve as a foundational necessity rather than a distinct performance area in this context.