What instructions should you give a pillion passenger before starting a trip?

1. Hold firmly to the rider's waist or grab handles, keep feet on footpegs at all times (even when stopped), lean with the rider in turns, and avoid sudden movements
2. Lean in the opposite direction of the turn to keep the bike upright
3. Put their feet down on the road whenever the motorcycle stops at a traffic light
4. Wave both arms in the air to signal turns