When may a pilot file an IFR flight plan containing a special or privately owned IAP?

Answer: B — Upon approval of the owner.

Filing an IFR flight plan that contains a special or privately owned Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) requires the pilot to have the approval of the owner. This requirement exists because privately owned IAPs may not be part of the publicly available charts or procedures that general air traffic uses. The owner of the IAP, which could be a private entity or an airport authority, has the right to set the protocols for its usage, and approval ensures that the pilot has permission to utilize that procedure during their flight operations. The other choices do not accurately reflect the requirements for filing plans that involve special or privately owned IAPs. For instance, while ATC approval is necessary for some IFR operations, it does not substitute for the required permission from the owner of the IAP. Approval from a flight instructor is also not relevant to the filing of an IFR flight plan with these specific approaches. Lastly, the pilot cannot simply file without any additional requirements due to the potential implications on safety and the operational parameters established by the owner of the IAP.