What defines a 'Period of Availability' (Bereitschaftszeit / box icon) under Directive 2002/15/EC and Regulation (EC) No 561/2006?

1. Periods during which the driver is not required to remain at the workstation, but must be available to answer calls, resume driving, or where the anticipated duration is known in advance (e.g. waiting for loading/unloading or sitting beside the driver in multi-manning)
2. Any time spent driving in heavy stop-and-go traffic
3. Time spent performing minor vehicle repairs at the workshop
4. The mandatory 45-minute driving break