What is the key technical difference between 'Tie-Down Lashing' (Niederzurren) and 'Direct Lashing' (Direktzurren / Schrägzurren) regarding the strap capacity parameter used in calculations?

1. Tie-down lashing relies on Standard Tension Force ($S_{TF}$) applied by the ratchet to increase friction, whereas direct lashing relies directly on Lashing Capacity ($LC$) of the strap/chain to hold the cargo in direct tension
2. Tie-down lashing uses Lashing Capacity ($LC$), whereas direct lashing uses Standard Hand Force ($S_{HF}$)
3. Both methods use only $S_{TF}$ in calculation formulas under EN 12195-1
4. Direct lashing relies on friction mats alone and ignores strap breaking strength