What is the mechanical advantage of an ergonomic pull-ratchet (Langhebelratsche / Zugratsche) over a conventional push-ratchet (Kurzhebelratsche / Druckratsche) in tie-down lashing?

1. Ergonomic pull-ratchets have longer levers operated by pulling downwards, achieving much higher Standard Tension Force ($S_{TF} = 500 daN$ vs $250–350 daN$ for push-ratchets), significantly reducing the number of straps required
2. Pull-ratchets have higher Lashing Capacity ($LC$) but lower $S_{TF}$
3. Push-ratchets are mandatory for all loads exceeding 10 tonnes under Austrian KFG
4. There is no difference; $S_{TF}$ is always legally fixed at 200 daN for all ratchets