Under EU cabotage rules (Regulation (EC) No 1072/2009 as amended by Regulation (EU) 2020/1055), how many cabotage operations may follow an incoming laden international carriage, and what cooling-off period applies?

1. Up to 3 cabotage operations within 7 calendar days of the unlading of the international cargo; after exiting, a 4-day 'cooling-off' period applies before cabotage can be performed again in the same Member State with the same vehicle
2. Unlimited cabotage operations for 30 days without any cooling-off period
3. Up to 5 cabotage operations within 14 days, followed by a 1-day cooling-off period
4. 1 cabotage operation within 24 hours, followed by a 1-month ban