What is the most effective psychological de-escalation technique for a bus driver when dealing with an aggressive, shouting passenger?

1. Shouting back louder to establish physical dominance and insulting the passenger
2. Maintaining a calm, polite, and firm tone, adopting an open, non-threatening body posture, actively listening, avoiding personal insults, and setting clear behavioral boundaries
3. Physically pushing the passenger out of the vehicle while traveling at 30 km/h
4. Ignoring the passenger completely while turning the radio to maximum volume