In the Arabian Gulf region and Bahrain FIR, what are the primary meteorological characteristics and operational hazards of the summer 'Shamal' wind phenomenon?

1. Strong north-westerly winds causing widespread blowing dust and sand (BLSA/DS), severely reduced flight visibility, low-level turbulence, and elevated surface temperatures
2. Heavy sub-zero snowfall, freezing rain, and severe wing icing conditions
3. Persistent tropical monsoonal torrential rainstorms and typhoons lasting several weeks
4. Complete atmospheric calm with no wind and zero thermal convection