Under what typical conditions does dense radiation fog develop over Bahrain International Airport and the low-lying coastal Arabian Gulf during the winter months?

1. Strong gale-force winds exceeding 40 knots and direct midday summer sun
2. Rapid passage of an active cold front accompanied by widespread thunderstorms
3. Severe dry Shamal dust storm conditions with high surface temperatures
4. Clear night skies, calm or very light surface winds, high relative humidity from the Gulf waters, and intense nocturnal radiational cooling of the ground