Under ICAO Annex 11 and Annex 12 (Search and Rescue), under which of the following circumstances is the Uncertainty Phase (INCERFA) declared by an ATS unit?

1. When no communication has been received from an aircraft within a period of 30 minutes after the time a communication should have been received, or 30 minutes after failing to arrive at an estimated time
2. When an aircraft is confirmed to have crashed in the sea with eyewitness accounts
3. When an aircraft's fuel supply is confirmed to be exhausted
4. When an aircraft requests routine pushback from the gate 5 minutes late