Who is responsible for establishing penalties for road traffic offences?

Answer: C — Parliament

The establishment of penalties for road traffic offences is primarily the responsibility of Parliament. This is because national laws regarding traffic regulations, including the definition of offences and the penalties associated with them, are created through legislative processes. Parliament debates, scrutinizes, and ratifies these laws, providing a consistent framework for traffic enforcement across the country. While local councils may have some authority to regulate specific local traffic issues, and police authorities enforce the laws, they do not have the power to define penalties themselves. The judiciary system interprets and applies the laws in specific cases, but they do not create the statutes that determine what penalties should be imposed. Thus, Parliament plays a foundational role in the legislative process, making it responsible for establishing these penalties.