If a trailing automobile is aggressively tailgating your motorcycle with an unsafe following distance, what is the best defensive response?

1. Slam hard on your brakes ('brake check') to teach the tailgating driver a lesson
2. Turn around and throw metal tools or gloves at the tailgater's windshield
3. Gradually increase your following distance to the vehicle ahead to create a larger combined stopping buffer, or safely change lanes to let the tailgater pass
4. Speed up to double the legal speed limit to outrun the tailgater through residential zones