When is the 'Counter-Leaning' / 'Lean-Out' body posture (rider's torso remains upright while pushing the motorcycle down underneath) correctly applied?

1. During high-speed 120 km/h highway sweepers on dry asphalt
2. When performing emergency straight-line braking on expressways
3. When carrying an adult passenger on steep downhill grades
4. During low-speed tight maneuvers (e.g., U-turns, slalom courses), sudden emergency swerves, and riding on loose unpaved gravel/dirt surfaces