Under Article 51 of the Road Traffic Safety Law and National Standard GB 811-2022, what is the mandatory requirement regarding safety helmets for motorcycle riders and passengers?

1. Only the driver needs to wear a helmet; passengers are exempt
2. Helmets are required only on highways and expressways
3. Both the motorcycle driver and passenger must wear compliant 3C-certified safety helmets and securely fasten the chin strap (戴安全头盔并系好下颌带)
4. Bicycle helmets and construction hardhats are acceptable substitutes on urban roads