Under Article 48 of the PRC Road Traffic Safety Law, what is the legal liability when cargo falls, spills, or leaks from a freight vehicle onto a public highway (抛洒滴漏 / 货物脱落)?

1. The driver is subject to administrative fines, demerit points under MPS Order 163, mandatory roadway cleanup costs, and civil/criminal liability for any resulting collisions
2. No liability is incurred if the driver was driving above the posted minimum speed limit
3. The highway maintenance bureau must purchase the spilled cargo at full market price
4. The driver is granted a 48-hour exemption before cleanup is required