When administering emergency first aid to a crash victim suffering severe pulsating arterial bleeding from a lower limb, what is the correct tourniquet (止血带) application protocol?

1. Apply the tourniquet proximal to the wound (between heart and injury), record the exact application time, and loosen for 1–2 minutes every 40–60 minutes to prevent distal tissue necrosis
2. Apply the tourniquet directly over the open fracture wound and leave it tightened continuously for 12 hours
3. Tie thin steel wire tightly around the victim's neck to reduce systemic blood pressure
4. Wash the arterial wound with gasoline and pack it with dry sand from the roadway