What operational strategies should an ATC supervisor employ when traffic density reaches peak saturation and controller cognitive workload exceeds safe thresholds?

1. Implement Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) ground delays, increase departure spacing intervals, activate tactical re-routings, open additional sector splitting positions, or utilize holding patterns.
2. Order all controllers to work without breaks for 24 continuous hours.
3. Turn off all flight progress strip printers.
4. Instruct pilots to fly without air traffic clearances.