In the context of PTC (49 CFR Part 236 Subpart I), what does the term 'movement authority' refer to?

1. A written form signed by the conductor authorizing a switching move
2. The digital authority conveyed to the on-board PTC system defining where the train may operate and at what speed
3. The dispatcher's verbal approval for a train to depart a yard
4. An FRA certificate confirming the locomotive's PTC equipment is functional