According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, how does stress/arousal affect human performance in complex tasks like air traffic control?

1. Performance increases with arousal up to an optimal level, after which further stress causes a rapid decline in performance
2. Performance decreases linearly as stress increases
3. Performance is unaffected by stress, as professional training overrides physiological responses
4. Performance increases indefinitely as stress increases due to adrenaline rushes