HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

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HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

2025-2026 ACTUAL EXAM 160 QUESTIONS

AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH

RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY

• Which of the following is a true statement?
• Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume regulation
• Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception
• Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
• Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity

Correct Answer: b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception

• Which of the following is true regarding catecholamines?
• They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
• They cross the blood brain barrier
• They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
• They cause of decrease in heart rate

Correct Answer: c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine

• Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the disease?
• Symptom
• Syndrome
• Stage
• Sign

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Correct Answer: d. Sign

• Which term is used for the first two months of life?
• Infancy
• Childhood
• Prenatal
• Neonatal

Correct Answer: d. Neonatal

• What does it mean when the cause of the disease is unwanted medical treatment?
• Idiopathic
• Ecogenetic
• Genotypical
• Iatrogenic

Correct Answer: d. Iatrogenic

• An increase in normal adaptive response to the decreased availability of oxygen at

high altitude is termed which?

• Circadian
• Acclimatization
• Population
• Diurnal

Correct Answer: b. Acclimatization

• Which of the following is true?
• Women snore more than men
• Men have higher calcium levels
• Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
• Men have a lower creatinine level than women

Correct Answer: c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men

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• Which of the following is true?
• An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
• The elderly have better temperature sensations
• There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
• There is less thirst perception in the elderly

Correct Answer: d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly

• What organ shrinks with age?
• Prostate
• Gums
• Heart
• All of the above

Correct Answer: b. Gums

• An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events that does not favor

stability and often abruptly displaces a system from its steady state: what is that?

• Positive Feedback
• Negative Feedback
• Disease
• Homeostasis

Correct Answer: a. Positive Feedback

• By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell membranes?
• They use channel proteins as a membrane transport system
• They are transported across the plasma membrane by endocytosis and exocytosis
• They use voltage-gated ion channels
• They cross by diffusion

Correct Answer: d. They cross by diffusion

• Which of the following metabolic processes is a component of anabolic

metabolism?

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• Protein synthesis
• Glycolysis
• Citric acid cycle
• Oxidative phosphorylation

Correct Answer: a. Protein synthesis

• Which of the following electrochemical mechanism is responsible for maintaining

cell volume?

• The calcium pump
• Glucose transporters
• The sodium-potassium pump
• ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters

Correct Answer: c. The sodium-potassium pump

14. Cellular hypoxia results in:

• Enhanced ATP activity
• Loss of intracellular calcium
• Increased pH
• Failure of the sodium-potassium pump

Correct Answer: d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump

• A 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower extremities after a prolonged

period of bed rest. This is most likely caused by:

• Atrophy of her leg muscles
• Dysplasia of her leg muscles
• Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
• Hyperplasia of her leg muscles

Correct Answer: a. Atrophy of her leg muscles

• Which of the following types of cellular adaption is most likely to occur from

chronic ischemia?